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Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa
President Nelson Mandela's democratic election in 1994 marked the end of political apartheid in South Africa. Under apartheid, South Africans were classified into four different races: white, black, coloured, and Indian/Asian. About 80% of the South African population is classified as black, about 9% as white, 9% as coloured, and 2% as Indian/Asian. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/people/population.htm#.UpT3x2RDuoU )〕 Under apartheid, whites held political power, and other races were barred from voting. While the end of apartheid opened the door for equal opportunity of all South Africans regardless of race, today’s South Africa struggles to correct the inequalities created by decades of apartheid. Despite a rising GDP, poverty, unemployment, income inequality, life expectancy, land ownership, and educational achievement have worsened since the end of apartheid and the election of the African National Congress. The end of the apartheid system in South Africa left the country socio-economically divided by race. Subsequent government policies have sought to correct the imbalances through state intervention with varying success.
==Rising economic inequality in South Africa==
Many of the inequalities created and maintained by apartheid still remain in South Africa. Income inequality has worsened since the end of apartheid, but it has begun to deracialize somewhat Between 1991 and 1996, the white middle class grew by 15% while the black middle class grew by 78% The country has one of the most unequal income distribution patterns in the world: approximately 60% of the population earns less than R42,000 per annum (about US$7,000), whereas 2.2% of the population has an income exceeding R360,000 per annum (about US$50,000). Poverty in South Africa is still largely defined by skin color, with blacks constituting the poorest layer. Despite many ANC policies aimed at closing the poverty gap, blacks make up over 90% of the country's poor at the same time they are 79.5% of the population.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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